productivity
The problem of revision ↑
It's been a year since I published the first version of this post. Since then, a lot has changed and I decided to make a compilation of my findings and current anxieties.
From the beginning of this journey, my goal was to be more productive in writing, especially when this process required a routine of collaboration at work - both for mere revision and for co-authorship.
In this context, the first objective was to avoid exchanging Word files by email, which is certainly an unproductive process. In the end, most of the time, I couldn't convince my writing partners to change this dynamic, which is understandable, since Word and email are tools that everyone has used since they were born.
I confirmed that, if it is difficult to change a habit of ours, changing a habit of others is practically impossible.
That's why I was content to transform only my writing process, which turned out to be good for my personal productivity. Proof of this is that I am publishing this post, which might not have happened, if I still wrote with the usual tools.
The problem of synchrony ↑
From the beginning, I also wanted to avoid the risks of leaving shared files in Dropbox (a natural alternative to email), as we know that only the latest version of the file is saved. Now, anything can happen in a shared folder, and everything can be lost from one moment to the next. Thus, replacing email with Dropbox did not seem to me a desirable solution.
Looking better, I found several ways to get around these problems, and tools for this can be organized into the following groups: editors for writing, editors with revision marks or versioning, and editors with comments. But the truth is that any solution, by prioritizing one approach, sacrifices the others.
The problem becomes, therefore, to know which dimension is more important to you: the writing itself, the record of the evolution of writing or the conversations that are collateral to the text. What is the real bottleneck of your writing? If you answered that the last alternative is the most (or at least quite) important, this text may be of interest to you.
The most overlooked approach ↑
In general, I consider that the perspective most neglected by editors is the one oriented to comments. The comments are not intended to merge with the text, but to provide a new layer of information, perhaps inaugurating a new discussion. That's why it's really hard to find a good text editor that pays enough attention to comments and their way of being.
A good example of a platform that moves in the latter direction is the Medium . The platform promotes the comment to practically a new fragment of text, starting infinite conversations (threads) of the same hierarchy in front of the originally published text. It wasn't always like this and Medium has already had another approach, when it had a kind of inline comment, displayed next to the text. Today Medium displays the comments stacked at the end of the text.
But, first of all, Medium is a publishing tool, not a web text editor per se . I don't recommend in any way that Medium be used as a solution for your writing productivity, because it really isn't good for that. In any case, Medium is a good source of inspiration for us to think about how the debate around and through texts can occur.
Returning to the subject, if you prefer comments next to the text, one possibility - and my old choice - would be the Hypothesis . I have always considered Hypothesis to be a better solution than its commercial competitors, such as Genius or Diigo. The latter seems to have a more closed profile and focused on education, a spectrum in which Perusall and Kami are also found. Hypothesis's ambitious presentation identifies it as A new layer on the Internet .
In fact, the problem that Hypothesis aims to solve is to make the internet noteworthy. To do so, your solution keeps annotation links intact, even in an environment where annotated text evolves. As I said, other products have tried to solve the same problem. None of them, however, seem to be as good as Hypothesis himself in this mission.
In addition, Hypothesis can be installed inside your own website or blog, which is not possible with other tools. Finally, it is open source and, naturally, has a vocation for integration with other systems. But, although it is an inspiring software, I believe that Hypothesis is not a good solution for productivity of your writing, nor mine.
In this field, more recently, in my view, the Coda has been evolving unbeatably. Really Coda is on a whole different level And, among other features, it has a great commenting tool:
In other words, the initial difference is that, conceptually, Hypothesis is a tool to comment on any page on the internet, while Coda is an application with a great commenting tool. They are completely different missions and, therefore, more than solving your writing problem, they serve to outline what are the existing solutions in the face of problems related to the theme of reading and writing in the digital age.
Reducing barriers for the reviewer ↑
The power of annotation lies in the fact that - there must be - a minimal barrier for the proofreader to collaborate with your text. With this, you are more likely to be able to count on that person who would not be available to collaborate within a co-authoring platform, for example.
We cannot fail to consider that, In the end, what matters is the quality of the text . Thus, it is important that the tools are aligned with this purpose.
For this purpose, we don't always need a sophisticated platform with version control (i.e., the text and its changes), which is something that is not fully mastered by most reviewers. In contrast, annotation tools are almost always within the reach of a minimally available person and can give much more return to the advancement of your text.
We cannot fail to consider the power of annotation . The annotation tools are simple and, in fact, work, mainly because they respect the time and comfort of the reviewer. After all, there is no one who writes well. There are those who dedicate themselves to revising the text and creating conditions for it to reach new levels of quality, which will be much easier through collaboration with different and more experienced people.
Conclusion: the tool is not the most important thing ↑
People write texts and this is not a simple task. That is why it is important that writing and proofreading tools have the authors (not the readers) as recipients, respecting their way of working.
Almost never are the barriers to writing visible, until they are discovered. In this scenario, the more comfortable the writing process, the more productive the author will be. And this applies, with much more emphasis, to the task of the reviewer.
Well, if you are fortunate enough to have a good proofreader, I recommend that you take advantage and work with a program that is in his domain. This fact is more important than the choice of any tool, especially if you have the chance to discuss your text in person.
What I expected with this post, in addition to praising the role of the proofreader and the collateral conversations to the text, was only to contextualize some tools aimed at collaborative writing.
Although none of the programs mentioned are the definitive solution to the problem of collaborative writing, they serve to expand your list of references and help you choose the essential tools for the workflow you will build. Happy writing!
If you are a professor or intend to organize your own legal studies based on objective questions, there are basically two options. You can use some question platform (such as Qconcursos or Other competitors ) or you can follow an already prepared workbook, usually a printed or pdf material prepared by a course you attend.
In my view, the advantages offered by question platforms are very significant. After all, depending on the plan you subscribe to, it will be possible to set up mock exams, consult teacher comments, search based on filters, etc. And this is especially important if you are in a competitive environment, as is the case with preparation for public exams.
Aware of these advantages, I decided to strive to offer my students the possibility of preparing for the test (mine or other legal tests) with the help of these tools. Anyway Question platforms are an inexhaustible source of free content and they just needed to be adapted for my purpose.
The first step is naturally to copy and paste the questions from the platform of your choice, organizing this collection in some way.
The problem is that it is not enough to have the question bank. I also needed to have an environment in which I could take notes and plan the preparation of the tests. In addition, I needed a search tool to easily retrieve a question and the notes on the template. In other words, it was necessary to create a knowledge base. After trying several solutions, I ended up adopting the app Bear .

While the app is advertised as a generic tool built for the user to take notes (right column), ordered by a list (central column) and organized around tags (left column), my use had the following goal: to label each alternative of the questions so that I would be able to know exactly which articles of law would be charged in the entire test. My Bear was organized like this:

The best part about this organization is that it makes it possible to expand, in a tree format, the entire list of cited articles. Thus, I am sure that I am covering the content well, both in the correct and incorrect alternatives.

In summary, as a law professor, I chose to organize objective tests for students of all the subjects I teach. I think it's a very fair way to evaluate students, especially in subjects with dogmatic content. On this journey, I realized that the stage of organizing the questions was a critical phase for my planning.
I also discovered that there are a number of tools (for example, the note editors in the style Zettelkasten ) that help solve this problem. The one that most adapted to my way of working was the organization around tags, which is precisely the vocation of the Bear app. By the way, all the features I use are covered by the app's free plan.
Finally, even if you don't have the same demand as mine, I think it's worth trying, because creating the habit of taking notes in an organized way helps solve a series of other typical problems of those who work with the organization of information and the writing of texts.
PS1: Bear is a note-taking app for Mac, designed around an advanced nested tagging tool ( nested tags ). Although it seems simple, it is a very complex and unique solution, which allows you to create a hierarchical navigation on the subjects of your interest.
Unfortunately, because this is a Bear-only approach, the Windows user will need to find their own way of organizing it within the other available options: OneNote , Evernote , Boostnote , and so on . None of them have nested labeling.
PS2: New post on how to correct objective tests by cell phone.
DireitoTec's work platform is based on the Slack . There are other platforms, but Slack is a good starting point for you if you're looking to build a research group or a working group that needs to communicate in a more organized and asynchronous way.
Surpassing Whatsapp
Instant communication is no longer a problem with Whatsapp. But Whatsapp has created a series of other problems for us. For us, it is a premise that work and other subjects are separated and that our researchers are effectively concentrated while they dedicate themselves to our projects. At the same time, we need agility in communication.
Well, if you are on Whatsapp, your group will be a timeline only, confusing communication. Or rather, apps like Whatsapp are made for the purpose of instantly informing a community about a single subject, preferably a simple one. Also, it is normal that you may miss some notification without severe consequences. It simply does not serve our purpose.
The solution given by Slack and its alternatives is to create a channel for each subject, so that different subgroups inhabit only the channels of their interest.
In short, Slack is a kind of set of Whatsapp groups, in the sense that each group has a timeline. Of course, it is not only that, but it is first necessary to establish some minimum understandings to understand the full potential of remote work areas.
Designing Your Desktop
Our Slack workspace changes over time, so much so we share here what's available today. We have some open groups (marked with an # icon), in which we separate some communities. In our case, the closed channels inhabited by teams destined for some financed project and within them the accountability of the project takes place.
Mastering the bots
We also have channels inhabited by bots. It's actually not that fancy.
Bots are Slack's integrations with other software, so that the messages exchanged serve as both input and output. This means that channels passively display messages in Slack when updating the status of some activity performed outside of Slack. Or, Slack itself actively sends a command so that you can operate the software integrated with Slack, through a message with previously established syntax.
It's easier than it sounds, as the usability of the tool is amazing. All you have to do is search for available integrations and invite the respective bot to your desktop. The list of apps with Slack integration is available on your shop . Choose the app you prefer and, if this is not already part of your habit, start getting used to talking to it through a command line.
A channel for every need
Going back to the subject, for every need of our group there is a channel and often there is a bot as well. To manage the spreadsheets we have the Airtable . For collaborative writing we have the channel of Draft . And to manage bibliographic references we have the Zotero .
There are also closed channels (marked with a padlock icon), as they are reserved for researchers who are in paid activity. This group reports through a kind of time sheet, called Jibble . In addition, researchers on a paid project answer periodic questions about what they have done, plan to do, and the difficulties they are facing. The bot that takes care of this maintenance is called Tatsu . Finally, we have the bot dedicated to managing tasks with stipulated deadlines, called Todoist .
Some people may find this toolbox overloaded. But the truth is that if you get involved in a complex project, you will need to manage several fronts and it is best that they are separated.
Soon we will be publishing posts dedicated to each of these tools here again and we hope to hear how they are helping (or not) your work process.
DireitoTec's work platform is based on the Slack . There are other platforms, but Slack is a good starting point for you if you're looking to build a research group or a working group that needs to communicate in a more organized and asynchronous way.
Surpassing Whatsapp
Instant communication is no longer a problem with Whatsapp. But Whatsapp has created a series of other problems for us. For us, it is a premise that work and other subjects are separated and that our researchers are effectively concentrated while they dedicate themselves to our projects. At the same time, we need agility in communication.
Well, if you are on Whatsapp, your group will be a timeline only, confusing communication. Or rather, apps like Whatsapp are made for the purpose of instantly informing a community about a single subject, preferably a simple one. Also, it is normal that you may miss some notification without severe consequences. It simply does not serve our purpose.
The solution given by Slack and its alternatives is to create a channel for each subject, so that different subgroups inhabit only the channels of their interest.
In short, Slack is a kind of set of Whatsapp groups, in the sense that each group has a timeline. Of course, it is not only that, but it is first necessary to establish some minimum understandings to understand the full potential of remote work areas.
Designing Your Desktop
Our Slack workspace changes over time, so much so we share here what's available today. We have some open groups (marked with an # icon), in which we separate some communities. In our case, the closed channels inhabited by teams destined for some financed project and within them the accountability of the project takes place.
Mastering the bots
We also have channels inhabited by bots. It's actually not that fancy.
Bots are Slack's integrations with other software, so that the messages exchanged serve as both input and output. This means that channels passively display messages in Slack when updating the status of some activity performed outside of Slack. Or, Slack itself actively sends a command so that you can operate the software integrated with Slack, through a message with previously established syntax.
It's easier than it sounds, as the usability of the tool is amazing. All you have to do is search for available integrations and invite the respective bot to your desktop. The list of apps with Slack integration is available on your shop . Choose the app you prefer and, if this is not already part of your habit, start getting used to talking to it through a command line.
A channel for every need
Going back to the subject, for every need of our group there is a channel and often there is a bot as well. To manage the spreadsheets we have the Airtable . For collaborative writing we have the channel of Draft . And to manage bibliographic references we have the Zotero .
There are also closed channels (marked with a padlock icon), as they are reserved for researchers who are in paid activity. This group reports through a kind of time sheet, called Jibble . In addition, researchers on a paid project answer periodic questions about what they have done, plan to do, and the difficulties they are facing. The bot that takes care of this maintenance is called Tatsu . Finally, we have the bot dedicated to managing tasks with stipulated deadlines, called Todoist .
Some people may find this toolbox overloaded. But the truth is that if you get involved in a complex project, you will need to manage several fronts and it is best that they are separated.
Soon we will be publishing posts dedicated to each of these tools here again and we hope to hear how they are helping (or not) your work process.